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Did you know that last year alone, 20% of All holiday makers in the United Kingdom travelled alone? The market for individual holiday makers and travellers is now a very significant part of the travel industry, although often when you look about for good deals for single travellers you would be forgiven for thinking that the reverse was true.

Indeed, it is often the case that people going on holiday alone are penalised for their decision or circumstances, and end up having to pay supplements that leave their bill very little short of what it would have been had they gone on holiday with someone else. It is true, of course, that if 20% of holiday makers are travelling on their own, this means that the vast majority, 80%, are those travelling either as a couple or as a family or other group. Clearly hotels and other holiday accommodation need to cater for the majority of their customers, and so most hotel rooms are equipped with double beds.

A single individual booking a hotel room which has a double bed is effectively taking up two potential spaces that the hotel could have filled, and this could be considered as losing the hotel money. At busy times of the year it is highly probable that by letting a room out to someone staying on their own, they are losing a paying customer, since it is likely that they could just as easily have let the room out to a couple who would each have paid for the room. It isn't just the room costs of course. The hotel will take into consideration that a couple are far more likely to buy drinks at the bar, eat in the restaurant and generally spend much more money than the individual. This represents a considerable loss, and so by charging a supplement for the individual traveller, they recoup at least part of this loss and make the blow a little less painful.

Despite this seeming to be a terribly unfair way of doing business, at the end of the day, it is exactly that - a business. Let's not fool ourselves into thinking that hotels are purely there for our holidaying pleasure. They're there to make money, end of story.

Of course, it is less painful for the hotel if a single traveller is using a double room, but not occupying this at the loss of a couple, since many rooms are vacant, and other customers won't have to be turned away. In this way, choosing to stay at a time of year that is less popular for couples, such as holiday seasons, or special events, will decrease the chance, or at least the cost, of any such individual supplement.

If a hotel insists on charging you this extra fee, then look into the idea of getting something in return - possible a free upgrade, or breakfast thrown in? If they refuse to meet you part way on this, then it may be worth looking around and finding a hotel which is more amenable. It may well be that the hotel decides at that point that one paying guest is at least something, and offers you something in return.

Victor Epand is an expert consultant about luggage, cruises, hotels, and shopping. You will find the best marketplace for luggage, cruises, hotels, and shopping at these sites for bags, luggage, hotels, single travellers, double occupancy, and shopping.

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When raising a puppy, there is a fine line between a dog bite and puppy love. Adult dogs will bite for a numbers of reasons, including fear, defensiveness, and aggression. But puppies have yet to develop many of the behaviors (such as possessiveness, territoriality, or simply aggression in general) that can contribute to biting tendencies.

So while puppies dont really bite, they nip. They nip as a form of play, but also as manifestation of their prey instincts in development. Either way, those little teeth sure can hurt, and can puncture just as easily as an accidental staple in your finger (not that I would know of course).

Puppies need to chew even more when they are teething - there are even special chew toys that can be dampened and frozen to provide relief for painful gums during this process. Broadly speaking, they are using their mouths to express themselves, to explore and engage with all of the things that surround them. Of course, that includes you, the owner.

Nipping behavior CAN be present in adult dogs. For example, some dogs tend to nip at the hands and feet of people whenever they move quickly. Unfortunately, this is commonly a sign of earlier abuse at the hand (and indeed foot) of a nasty owner. The adult dog comes to mistrust these appendages, and for good reason. Such a dog can require a good dose of re-training, precaution, and patience.

But for puppy owners, there are super simple but super important steps you can take to deal with nipping pups:

* Use an OUCH command.

Whenever your puppy gets you too hard and inflicts any amount of pain, whether you are playing or not, cry out sharply with Ouch or something similar. The important thing is NOT to say No or anything that makes the puppy think it has done something wrong. They havent. They simply need to figure out some boundaries. An Ouch command lets them know where to draw the line while not punishing them for bad behavior. After all, you are your puppys favorite thing in the world. The last thing they want to do is poke multiple holes in your hand.

* Use physical correction.

Another sure-fire technique to interrupt a nipping and biting puppy is to physically wrap your thumb and forefinger around its lower jaw, further back the better but not down its throat. Its a bit slimy, but I assure you, your dog doesnt like it either, as it renders them unable to close their jaw. They may try to squirm away. If they do, you can either let them go, but if they go right back to chomping on you, you should hold firm (dont squeeze), and perhaps give a No biting command gently as you do.

In both cases, you can follow the correction by placing one of the dogs toys in its mouth to redirect the behavior. Also, be sure to give praise - but best to do it verbally, as it's best not to put your hand back in front of its face. This will help them get the point of why your hand was removed as target for its teeth.

These easy steps will prevent the habit of dog biting when playing, and may go some way in discouraging genuine biting tendencies as the dog matures.

Martin Olliver is a proud member of the Kingdom of Pets team (http://www.kingdomofpets.com). For more great articles on nipping and biting dogs, visit: http://kingdomofpets.com/dogobediencetraining/articles/biting_dog.php

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